NaSal increased the excitability of 5-HTergic neurons, but decreased that of GABAergic neurons in the DRN of the ChR2 transgenic mouse.

<p>(A) Sample traces (left panel) and group data (right panel, two RM-ANOVA and paired Student’s <i>t</i>-test) showing that NaSal increased the current-evoked firing of 5-HTergic neurons with enhanced GABAergic inhibition by optical stimulation (450 ms, 18.3 mW, 473 nm). (B) Sample recordings from a 5-HTergic neuron showing that NaSal increased voltage responses to a series of hyperpolarizing currents (-10 to -60 pA, -10 pA/step, duration: 500 ms). The RMPs are indicated. (C) Group data showing that NaSal depolarized the RMP and increased the <i>R</i>_in in 5-HTergic neurons (paired Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (D) Sample traces (left panel) and group data (right panel, paired Student’s <i>t</i>-test) showing that NaSal suppressed the firing of GABAergic neurons evoked by laser light (1 s, 5.5 mW, 473 nm). (E) Sample recordings from a GABAergic neuron showing that NaSal decreased voltage responses to a series of hyperpolarizing currents (-10 to -60 pA, -10 pA/step, duration: 500 ms). The RMPs are indicated. (F) Group data showing that NaSal hyperpolarized the RMP and decreased the <i>R</i>_in in GABAergic neurons (paired Student’s <i>t</i>-test). Sample sizes are indicated in inset. Vertical line bars represent one standard error. *<i>P <</i>0.05 and **<i>P <</i>0.01 relative to control.