<p>Panels A-H present RNA copies as log<sub>10</sub> on the y-axis and the result for each bird is presented by a dot as a function of time (days post-infection on x-axis) for all groups. RNA copy numbers from sera were determined by allele-specific qRT-PCR for dually and singly infected animals. Samples taken at 14 dpi tested negative and were therefore not included. In plots representing viral competitions (A-C) red color indicates RNA detected for wildtype viruses (COAV997-IC, NY99-IC, CA-04) and black color represents COAV997-5nt detected RNA. Horizontal lines between dots indicate the mean RNA copy number per day and p values below 0.05 provide statistical significance of differences between wildtype and COAV997-5nt RNA copy numbers.</...
<p>The virus and the dose used are indicated in each graphic. Viral RNA yields are expressed as log<...
<p>10,994 IAVs, including 3,324 avian (red), 6,658 human (green) and 1,012 mammalian (blue) IAVs wer...
<p><sup>1</sup>Mean fold difference between infected and mock-infected birds at each time-point (n =...
<p>Homogenates of brain, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and muscle were analyzed by qRT-PCR. RNA copie...
<p><sup>a</sup> Mean value and standard deviation calculated from duplicates of each inoculum.</p><p...
Sera from six dually challenged HOFIs per competition group obtained between 1–7 dpi (x-axis) were a...
<p>Plasma samples were collected daily at the first 7 days post challenge (DPC) and subsequently on ...
<p>WNV-RNA titers (represented as genome equivalents per milliliter, upper panel) and infectious vir...
Panels A to E show the average number of RNA copies within each competition group for outbreak isola...
<p>Viral RNA was detected by by quantitative real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in blood samples of chickens...
*<p>Three mice were tested for each tissue/day/virus subtype with the following exceptions: 4 dpi fo...
<p>Panels to the left show the distribution of 20-30nt small RNAs along the length of the virus-like...
<p>Shedding was assessed from oral swabs by RRT-PCR. Results are presented as log<sub>10</sub> PCR E...
<p>Oral and cloacal swabs were collected prior to and following H1N1 (A) and H1N2 (B) infection. Vir...
<p>Percentage of samples collected for wild bird influenza virus surveillance by avian functional gr...
<p>The virus and the dose used are indicated in each graphic. Viral RNA yields are expressed as log<...
<p>10,994 IAVs, including 3,324 avian (red), 6,658 human (green) and 1,012 mammalian (blue) IAVs wer...
<p><sup>1</sup>Mean fold difference between infected and mock-infected birds at each time-point (n =...
<p>Homogenates of brain, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and muscle were analyzed by qRT-PCR. RNA copie...
<p><sup>a</sup> Mean value and standard deviation calculated from duplicates of each inoculum.</p><p...
Sera from six dually challenged HOFIs per competition group obtained between 1–7 dpi (x-axis) were a...
<p>Plasma samples were collected daily at the first 7 days post challenge (DPC) and subsequently on ...
<p>WNV-RNA titers (represented as genome equivalents per milliliter, upper panel) and infectious vir...
Panels A to E show the average number of RNA copies within each competition group for outbreak isola...
<p>Viral RNA was detected by by quantitative real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in blood samples of chickens...
*<p>Three mice were tested for each tissue/day/virus subtype with the following exceptions: 4 dpi fo...
<p>Panels to the left show the distribution of 20-30nt small RNAs along the length of the virus-like...
<p>Shedding was assessed from oral swabs by RRT-PCR. Results are presented as log<sub>10</sub> PCR E...
<p>Oral and cloacal swabs were collected prior to and following H1N1 (A) and H1N2 (B) infection. Vir...
<p>Percentage of samples collected for wild bird influenza virus surveillance by avian functional gr...
<p>The virus and the dose used are indicated in each graphic. Viral RNA yields are expressed as log<...
<p>10,994 IAVs, including 3,324 avian (red), 6,658 human (green) and 1,012 mammalian (blue) IAVs wer...
<p><sup>1</sup>Mean fold difference between infected and mock-infected birds at each time-point (n =...