Establishment rates of sex chromosome-autosome fusions under direct selection, relative to the rate for X-A fusions.

<p>(<i>A</i>), (<i>B</i>) Effect of sex ratio bias among reproductive adults, <i>N</i>^<i>m</i>/(<i>N</i>^<i>f</i> + <i>N</i>^<i>m</i>), assuming <i>μ</i>^<i>m</i> = <i>μ</i>^<i>f</i>. (<i>C</i>), (<i>D</i>) Effect of the relative mutation rate for fusions in males versus females, <i>μ</i>^<i>m</i>/<i>μ</i>^<i>f</i>, assuming <i>N</i>^<i>f</i> = <i>N</i>^<i>m</i>. Mutations are deleterious (<i>s</i> = -0.0003) in panels (<i>A</i>), (<i>C</i>) and beneficial (s = 0.0003) in panels (<i>B</i>), (<i>D</i>). Parameters: <i>N</i>^<i>f</i> + <i>N</i>^<i>m</i> = 10000.