Hypoxia pretreatment promoted the function of BM-MSCs in ischemic muscle.

<p>(A) Hypoxia pretreatment of BM-MSCs increased the capacity for survival in ischemic muscle, compared to the normoxia group, (B) and the number of positive cells was measured. *, ** indicate <i>P</i><0.05, 0.01 versus normoxia group, respectively. (C) The expression of VEGF-1α, MMP-9, and VEGFR was increased in hypoxia-pretreated BM-MSCs, and (D, E) the expression of pAKT was significantly enhanced, compared to the control group. * indicates <i>P</i><0.05 versus control group.