Analysis of molecular variance for <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> populations sampled across geographic regions, hosts and landscapes in North America.

<p>^aComparison among and within groups of populations arranged by geographic origin, type of stand, pine host and elevation.</p><p>^bProbability that the observed value is larger than the value calculated following permutation (**p<0.01). Φ_c<b>t</b> values were tested by permuting whole populations among groups.</p><p>^cSee <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127916#pone.0127916.s005" target="_blank">S1 Table</a> for details. Three pine species in western populations were considered: <i>P</i>. <i>monticola</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>albicaulis</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>flexilis</i><b>.</b> Other pine species (<i>P</i>. <i>strobus</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>strobiformis</i>) would have generated confounded effect of host and geography.</p><p>Analysis of molecular variance for <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> populations sampled across geographic regions, hosts and landscapes in North America.