Neurodevelopment in children born small for gestational age: A randomized trial of nutrient-enriched versus standard formula and comparison with a reference breastfed group

Objective. Many studies have shown that children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at a neurodevelopmental disadvantage. We have shown that nutrient enrichment of formula fed to term SGA infants improves their growth and hypothesized that it also would improve their neurodevelopmental outcome. Design. A randomized, controlled trial of standard term-infant (n=147) or nutrient-enriched (n=152) formula for the first 9 months. A reference group of 175 breastfed SGA infants was also recruited. Setting. Subjects were recruited in 5 maternity hospitals in Cambridge, Nottingham, and Leicester, all in the United Kingdom. Participants. Healthy, term infants (gestation: greater than or equal to37 weeks) with birth weigh