Population genetic structure of <i>P</i>. <i>knowlesi</i> from infections in three host species in Kapit.

<p>Both STRUCTURE and principal component analyses were conducted based on the complete 10-locus genotype dataset (167 from humans, 34 from long-tailed macaques, 10 from pig-tailed macaques). (A) Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis indicates two subpopulation clusters throughout the whole dataset (<i>K</i> = 2, <i>ΔK</i> = 936.75), with almost complete partitioning between the two macaque host species. Cluster 1 is shown in black while Cluster 2 is in red. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the genetic divergence among all infections. The percentage of variation captured by each of the first two principal components is shown in brackets. Infections from the different macaque host species are almost completely separated by the first principal component, while human infections are distributed throughout the full range on both axes.