Placement of eight landmarks on dissected side view photographs of <i>Arabis alpina</i> flowers.

<p>Photos are representative examples for each of the three selfing populations (top panel) and the three outcrossing populations (bottom panel). Numbers indicate landmarks: 1—base of short left stamen; 2—base of pistil; 3—base of short right stamen; 4—anther tip of short left stamen; 5—stigma tip; 6—anther tip of short right stamen; 7—anther tip of long left left stamen; 8—anther tip of long right stamen. Within one of the pictures, lines indicate the measure taken based on the landmarks: average herkogamy long stamens (red lines) as <i>(a</i>+<i>b</i>)/2; average herkogamy short stamens (blue lines) as (<i>c</i>+<i>d</i>)/2; average length long stamens (orange lines) as <i>(f</i>+<i>g</i>)/2; average length short stamens (orange lines) as (<i>h</i>+<i>i</i>)/2; average angle long stamens (red double dashed line) as (<i>α</i>+<i>β</i>)/2; average angle short stamens (red double dashed line) as (<i>γ</i>+<i>δ</i>)/2.