Cytokine gene expression levels of murine spleen cells following vaccination with rEmP29 in pre- (Immunization and then infection) or post-infection (Infection and then immunization) (A) Interleukin (IL)-4, (B) interferon (IFN)- γ, (C) IL-4/IFN-γ mARN ratios (D) IL-10 and (E) IL-2.

<p>Bars represent SE. Immunization and then infection: mouse groups from experiment no. 2 were immunized with different preparations (saline solution (NaCl), saponin (Sap), rEmP29 plus saponin (rEmP29-Sap) or with rNcMIC1 plus saponin (rNcMIC1-Sap)), and then challenged by infection with <i>E</i>. <i>multilocularis</i> metacestode suspension. Infection and then immunization: mice from experiment no. 3 were infected with <i>E</i>. <i>multilocularis</i> metacestode suspension and, at 1 month p.i., animals were treated with different preparations (saline solution (NaCl), saponin (Sap), rEmP29 plus saponin (rEmP29-Sap) or with rNcMIC1 plus saponin (rNcMIC1-Sap)).