LD inhibited the apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress <i>via</i> activation of AKT and inactivation of NF-kB/p65 and p38 MAPK.

<p>The hearts were pretreated with inhibitors AKT inhibitor (MK-2206, 10 μM), NF-κB/p65 inhibitor (PDTC, 20 μM) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580, 10 μM) plus LD (1 μg/mL) for 10 min before exposure to ischemia for 15 min, and then reperfusion for 45 min. (A) Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assays. (B) The expression of TNF α was analyzed. (C) The content of MDA was measured. ^<i>**</i><i>P</i><0.01 compared with control group; ^<i>##</i><i>P</i><0.01 compared with I/R group; ^<i>$</i><i>P</i><0.05, ^<i>$$</i><i>P</i><0.01 compared with LD+I/R.