Online Continuous Flow Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry with a Realistic Battery Setup for High-Precision, Long-Term Cycling Tests

We describe the benefits of an <i>online</i> continuous flow differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) method that allows for realistic battery cycling conditions. We provide a detailed description on the buildup and the role of the different components in the system. Special emphasis is given on the cell design. The retention time and response characteristics of the system are tested with the electrolysis of Li₂O₂. Finally, we show a practical application in which a Li-ion battery is examined. The value of long-term DEMS measurements for the proper evaluation of electrolyte decomposition is demonstrated by an experiment where a Li_1+<i>x</i>Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂ (NMC 532)/graphite cell is cycled over 20 charge/discharge cycles