Reduced cytokine/chemokine levels and cellular recruitment to the airways of oseltamivir-treated mice.

<p>Mice received oseltamivir or PBS 4 hours prior to infection with 10⁴ pfu of HK and once daily for 8 days thereafter. Clarified BAL supernatants were assayed by cytometric bead array for cytokine/chemokine concentration. Cumulative amounts and relative contribution of each cytokine or chemokine are demonstrated at (A) day 3, or (B) day 7 post-influenza infection in PBS- or oseltamivir-treated mice. Levels of (C) TNF-α, (D) MIP-1A, (C) MCP-1, (F) RANTES, (G) IL-6, (H) IFN-γ, (I) IL-2, and (J) IL-12 in PBS- or oseltamivir-treated mice are also shown. Data comprise one to two separate experiments per time-point, each with 4–5 mice per group. Immune cells were enumerated by antibody staining and cell counts at (K-M) 3 days, and (N-P) 7 days after infection. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.