Muscle properties of GAS, PLA, and SOL.

<p>The black curves indicate mean values, whereas the grey areas depict the standard deviations. First row: force–length (<i>f</i>_<i>l</i>) relation. <i>F</i>_<i>im</i> is the maximum isometric muscle force, <i>l</i>_<i>CC</i> and <i>l</i>_<i>CCopt</i> are the length and the optimal length of the contractile component, respectively. To avoid muscle damage, the muscles were lengthened until passive forces reached about 0.2 <i>F</i>_<i>im</i> (marked with a white circle). Second row: force–velocity (<i>f</i>_<i>v</i>) relation. <i>v</i>_<i>CCmax</i> is the maximal shortening velocity of the contractile component. Third row: Force–strain relation of the series elastic component (SEC). <i>Δl</i>_<i>SEC</i> and <i>l</i>_<i>SEC0</i> are the length change and the slack length of the series elastic component, respectively. Last row: Force–strain relation of the parallel elastic component (PEC). <i>Δl</i>_<i>PEC</i> and <i>l</i>_<i>PEC0</i> are the length change and the slack length of the parallel elastic component, respectively.