A-C. Biofilm removal.

<p>Graph depicting the mean colony forming units (log10 CFU, ±SD, n = 10; A, B) and SEM photographs (C) after one (A, C) and 5 times (B) biofilm formation (CON) and followed by instrumentation of the four different treatment methods (hand instrumentation (CUR), ultrasonication (US), erythritol air-polishing (EAP), and EAP with chlorhexidine digluconate (EAP-CHX). CFU were pronouncedly reduced by US and EAP-CHX (* p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001).