Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease comparing top quintile versus bottom quintiles 1–4 of baseline ALP values, by several participant level characteristics.

<p>Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); CI, confidence interval (bars); CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Estimated GFR, glomerular filtration rate (as calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration combined creatinine-cystatin C equation); HR, hazard ratio; UAE, urinary albumin excretion; *, <i>P</i>-value for interaction; Cut-offs used for body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, estimated GFR, and high sensitivity CRP are median values.