Evidence of purifying selection on the human <i>de novo</i> genes.

<p><b>(A)</b> Comparison of π in different genomic regions. The values were normalized with that of intronic regions. <b>(B)</b> The ratios of π for non-synonymous sites to synonymous sites for <i>de novo</i> genes or orthologs in rhesus macaque were summarized in boxplots (<b>C-F</b>) Derived allele spectra for <i>de novo</i> genes (<b>C</b>), protein-coding genes (<b>E</b>) and lncRNAs (<b>F</b>) in human, as well as for the macaque regions orthologous to the human <i>de novo</i> genes (<b>D</b>) are shown. The standard deviations estimated by 1,000 bootstrap replicates are indicated by the error bars.