<i>De novo</i> protein-coding genes originating from lncRNAs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Computational pipeline for <i>ab inito</i> identification and meta-analysis of <i>de novo</i> genes in the hominoid lineage. (<b>B</b>) Number of <i>de novo</i> genes on the phylogenetic tree, with the branch length proportional to the divergence time. (<b>C</b>) Stacked histogram showing the percentage of <i>de novo</i> gene orthologs that also show expression in chimpanzee or rhesus macaque. (<b>D</b>) Boxplot showing relative expression levels of the transcripts and their nearby regions corresponding to <i>de novo</i> genes (orthologs) in human (chimpanzee or macaque). The nearby regions are defined as upstream and downstream regions with equal length to the corresponding genes. For each region, the relative expression was calculated by normalizing the expression level of this region with the sum of the expression levels of the genic region and the nearby regions. (<b>E</b>) Percentage of splicing junctions with supporting RNA-Seq reads in human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. (<b>F</b>) For each pair of tissues, <i>Spearman</i> correlation coefficients were computed separately, and the extent of tissue-specific differences in <i>de novo</i> gene expressions are shown (based on the color scale). Dotted lines highlight parallel comparisons between two different species.