Serum cytokine level of the inoculated monkeys.

<p>Serum levels of cytokines, (A) IL-1β, (B) TNFα, (C) IL-6, (D) G-CSF, (E) IL-1RA, and (F) IFN-γ collected from the monkeys inoculated with EV71-02363-KE (non-PB) or EV71-02363-EG (PB) were analyzed using Luminex 200. Cytokine levels of all eight preinoculation monkeys are shown at Day 0 and the average was used as the uninfected control. Serum cytokine levels, collected at 3, 7, and 10 days postinfection from the 02363-KE-inoculated group are indicated in blue and those from the 02363-EG-inoculated group was indicated in orange. ND (not detected) indicates that serum cytokine levels of all samples are below the limit of detection (dashed lines). Average of cytokine concentrations are indicated as black solid line plot. Significant differences between the preinoculation control (eight monkeys at Day 0) and postinfection (four monkeys) at indicated days were determined using Student’s <i>t</i>-test and <i>P</i> values < 0.05 are marked by asterisks. Significant differences in cytokine levels between 02363-KE- and 02363-EG-inoculated groups at indicated days are shown in supplemental <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005033#ppat.1005033.s003" target="_blank">S3 Fig</a>.