Decreased levels of cytokines and chemokines in the DLN of old mice.

<p>Adult and old mice were infected bilaterally with 10² PFU of WNV (New York strain) in the footpad and DLN were harvested at days 0, 1, and 2 after infection. <b>A-L</b>. Levels of cytokines (IL-1α (<b>A</b>), IL-1β (<b>B</b>), IL-2 (<b>C</b>), IL-6 <b>(D</b>), IL-10 (<b>E</b>), IL12 p40 (<b>F</b>), IL-17, (<b>G</b>), and IFN-γ (<b>H</b>)) and chemokines (MCP-1 (<b>I</b>), MIP-1α (<b>J</b>), MIP-1β (<b>K</b>), and RANTES (<b>L</b>)) in DLN were measured by Bio-Plex assay. <b>M-N.</b> Levels of chemokines (CXCL13 (<b>M</b>) and CCL21 (<b>N</b>)) in DLN were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean + SEM and reflects a total of 6 to 8 mice for each group from two independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*, <i>P</i> < 0.05; **, <i>P</i> < 0.01; ***, <i>P</i> < 0.001; ****, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney test).