Plasmonic Ag Core–Satellite Nanostructures with a Tunable Silica-Spaced Nanogap for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Plasmonic Ag core–satellite nanostructures were synthesized by utilizing the ultrathin silica shell as a spacer to generate a tunable nanogap between the Ag core and satellites. To synthesize the nanoparticles, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a diameter of ∼60 nm were synthesized as cores, on which Raman dyes were adsorbed and then tunable ultrathin silica shells from 2.0 to 6.5 nm were coated, followed by the deposition of Ag NPs as satellites onto the silica surface. The relationships between the SERS signal and the important parameters, including the satellite diameter and the nanogap distance, were studied by experimental methods and theoretical calculations. The maximum SERS intensity of the core–satellite nanoparticles was over 14.6 times stronger than that of the isolated Raman-encoded Ag/PATP@SiO₂ NP. The theoretical calculations indicated that the local maximum calculated enhancement factor (EF) of the hot spots with a 2.0 nm nanogap was 9.5 × 10⁵. The well-defined Ag core–satellite nanostructures have a high structural uniformity and an anomalously strong electromagnetic enhancement for highly quantitative SERS, leading to a better understanding of hot spot formation and providing new insights into the optimal design and synthesis of the hot SERS nanostructures in a controlled manner