Both ROCK1 and p38α MAPK are required for atRA-mediated phosphorylation of ATF2 in IECs.

<p><b><i>A</i>.</b> Western blots show the effect of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the expression of cleaved ROCK1, phospho-p38, phospho-MAPKAPK2, and phospho-ATF2. Β-actin was used as the loading control. <b><i>B</i>.</b> Effect of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 on the expression of cleaved ROCK1, phospho-p38, phospho-MAPKAPK2, and phospho-ATF2. Data represent 3 separate experiments. <b><i>C</i>.</b> Bar-diagrams (means ± SE) summarize ROCK activity in IEC6 cells treated with atRA (10 μM, top panel), with Y-27632 (10 μM) followed by atRA (10 μM; middle panel), and SB203580 (10 μM) followed by atRA (10 μM; bottom panel). Data represent 3 separate experiments; * <i>p</i><0.05, ** <i>p</i><0.01, *** <i>p</i><0.001.