Effect of high sodium and hyperoxaluria on renal anticrystallization defense.

<p>Anticrystallization defense was evaluated by assessing the renal or urinary levels of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), osteopontin (OPN), and Na⁺-dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC-1) expression. Western blots show the renal expression of THP <b>(A)</b>, OPN <b>(B)</b> and NaDC-1 <b>(D)</b> in three representative rats. Equal amounts of protein (40 μg/lane) were loaded. The lower bar graphs show changes in the expression (as measured by densitometry) of THP, OPN, and NaDC-1 normalized to actin. Urinary levels of OPN and THP in rats treated for 42 days were measured by ELISA and expressed as the excretion rate after correction for urine volume. N = 6 in each group and time-point. DU, band density unit; NS, normal sodium; HP, hydroxyl-L-proline; HS, high sodium. *p<0.05, HP or HS <i>vs</i>. NS group; #p<0.05, HS+HP <i>vs</i>. HP group; +p<0.05, HS+HP <i>vs</i>. HS group.