Signatures of piRNA biogenesis in the dysgenic germline show only modest defects.

<p>(A) Size distributions of small RNAs are similar between dysgenic and non-dysgenic germlines. Distribution of all small RNAs (not normalized) from four germline libraries (2 dysgenic, 2 non-dysgenic) filtered for tRNA, rRNA and snoRNA. (B) piRNA biogenesis signature heatmaps. TEs upregulated in the dysgenic germline (a difference of 5 RPKM or higher) are indicated with red bars. TEs upregulated in the non-dysgenic germline (a difference of 5 RPKM or higher) are indicated with purple. On the left are heatmaps for raw measures of abundance, the density of ping-pong pairs and percent ping-pong. On the right are heatmaps for the same metrics, but by row z-score. For raw measures, there are no globally discernible effects of dysgenesis on piRNA biogenesis. Row z-scores in dysgenesis do show lower values for abundance measures (abundance and ping-pong pair density), but not percent ping-pong (see text). (C) Fold excess in expression in dysgenesis vs. the difference in percent ping-pong Z-score between dysgenic and non-dysgenic germline. Of the top eight that are most differently expressed in dysgenesis, all have lower ping-pong z-scores in dysgenesis.