Differentiation of MuTuDCs into functional osteoclasts in vitro.

<p>A) Morphology of osteoclasts induced from DCs. MuTuDCs were cultured for 12 days either with or without M-CSF and RANK-L. B) Immunofluorescence analyses for the evaluation of osteoclats differentiation. TRAP-positive cells are stained in red. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). C) Resorption activity was assessed on dentine slices following culture of MuTuDCs with M-CSF and RANK-L. Blue spots indicate the presence of resorption pits for the cytokine-treated cells. All results are representative of two independent experiments performed in three biological replicates. (A-C) One representative image from three independent experiments is shown. D) mRNA relative expression levels of osteoclast specific genes. TRAP, cFos, cathepsin and NFATC1 were measured by qRT-PCR, normalized to β-actin and analyzed with qBasePlus software. The results are representative of 3 independent experiments with three biological replicates per experiment.