Group-level average SEP waveforms recorded before (T0) and after (T1, T2) cTBS.

<p>SEPs recorded from the ipsilateral/contralateral hemisphere were elicited by stimulation of the contralateral/ipsilateral hand, relative to the hemisphere onto which cTBS was applied. A point-by-point repeated measures ANOVA with the factors ‘time’ (T0, T1, T2), ‘hemisphere’ (cTBS delibered to the ipsilateral or contralateral hemisphere) and ‘current direction’ was used to assess the effect of cTBS on the entire SEP waveform. The time intervals showing a significant 3-way interaction between the three factors are shown in green. This included the N20 wave, as well as a longer-lasting period encompassing the late P100 wave. The bar graphs represent the change in magnitude of the N20 wave as well as the late P100 (99.5 ms) (group-level average ± standard deviation). Significant changes are marked by an asterisk (p < .05; t-test against zero). The scalp maps show the topographical distribution of the N20 and later P100 at the different times points and in the different conditions.