Relation between growth and translation.

<p><b>A.</b> Translation activity of ribosomes. The maximal translation rates of the purified ribosomes were estimated according to GFP biosynthesis curves. The ribosomes from R0, R1 and R5 are indicated in blue, purple and green, respectively. Solid lines indicated linear regressions with the slopes of 0.064, 0.016 and 0.007 for R0, R1 and R5, respectively. The standard errors of repeated tests (n = 3–4) are indicated. <b>B.</b> Correlation between growth rate and translation rate. The translation rates at 1 nM ribosomes (data from A) are plotted against the theoretically estimated maximal growth rates <i>r</i>_<i>max</i> (data from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135639#pone.0135639.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3C</a>). Blue, purple and red represent R0, R1 and R5, respectively. Standard errors are indicated as described in A and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135639#pone.0135639.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3C</a>. <b>C.</b> A scheme of the changes in the growth economics for maintaining cellular activity. The purple shading represents the intracellular resource (histidine) concentration balanced between incorporation (orange arrow) and consumption (green arrows). The green arrows indicate the changes in resource (histidine) redistribution for translation under poor conditions. The green shading highlights the reorganized protein translation enabling survival. The orange shading suggests the changes caused by the mutations related to membrane and transport, which required further demonstration and were excluded from the present study.