Effects of Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 treatments on EMT through PI3K/AKT pathway in HK2 cells.

<p>(<b>A–C</b>) Immunoblotting analysis of TGF-β, EMT markers, and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT following Gb3 (30 μM and 45 μM) treatment of HK2 cells for 72 h. (<b>D–F</b>) Immunoblotting analysis of TGF-β, EMT markers, and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT following lyso-Gb3 (200 nM and 400 nM) treatment of HK2 cells for 72 h. Panels (<b>A–F</b>) show a representative experiment (right panel), and data are presented as mean ± SEM, <i>n</i> = 3. Gb3 or lyso-Gb3 vs control, One-way ANOVA. * <i>P</i> < 0.05, ** <i>P</i> < 0.001, and *** <i>P</i> < 0.0001.