Administration of EP4 agonist alters adipose tissue macrophage polarization.

<p>(A) Relative expression of marker genes for M1 (<i>Cd11c</i>) and M2 (<i>MR</i>, <i>Cd163</i>) macrophages in epididymal fat tissues from <i>db/db</i> mice administered EP4 agonist (black bar) or vehicle (white bar). All values are mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 each). ♯ p<0.01 vs. vehicle. (B) Epididymal adipose tissues of EP4 agonist–or vehicle–treated <i>db/db</i> mice were double stained with anti-F4/80 (green), and anti-CD11c (red, upper panel) or anti-CD163 (red, lower panel) antibodies. Arrows indicate double-positive cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. MR, Mannose Receptor.