Targeted activation of the PI3K/PTEN and TSC/TOR pathways induces a nonautonomous reduction in growth rates in adjacent cell populations.

<p>(A) Quantification of tissue size (in arbitrary units [a.u.]) of both anterior (A) and posterior (P) domains of wing imaginal discs of the indicated genotypes in three distinct time points during development (in hours [h] AEL). Error bars show the standard deviation. Number of wing discs analyzed per genotype ≥ 15. ***<i>p</i> < 0.001; **<i>p</i> < 0.01. (B) Examples of <i>ci>GFP</i> (upper panel) and <i>ci>GFP</i>, <i>Dp110</i> (lower panel) wing imaginal discs in the developmental time points shown in panel A. The transgene-expressing domain is marked with GFP (in green), and the disc is labelled with DAPI (in blue). The A and P compartments are indicated. (C, D) Histograms plotting the size of clones (in a.u., C) and the number of cells per clone (D) located in the A or P compartment of <i>ci-gal4</i>,<i>UAS-GFP</i> and <i>ci-gal4</i>, <i>UAS-GFP/UAS-Dp110</i> wing discs. Clones were generated at the beginning of the third instar period and quantified 72 h later in late third instar wing discs. Error bars indicate the standard deviation. Number of clones analyzed per genotype ≥ 30. ***<i>p</i> < 0.001. Size of clones (A compartment, a.u.): ci>GFP = 388 ± 141; ci>GFP, Dp110 = 587 ± 249. Size of clones (P compartment, a.u.): ci>GFP = 348 ± 140; ci>GFP, Dp110 = 114 ± 67. Number of cells per clone (A compartment): ci>GFP = 20 ± 7; ci>GFP, Dp110 = 23 ± 8. Number of cells per clone (P compartment): ci>GFP = 23 ± 7; ci>GFP, Dp110 = 9 ± 4. (E) Examples of clones of cells in <i>ci>GFP</i> (left panel) and <i>ci>GFP</i>, <i>Dp110</i> (right panel) wing discs and induced in the developmental time points shown in C and D. The transgene-expressing domain is marked with GFP (in green), and the clones are labeled by the absence of nuclear red fluorescent protein (RFP, red) expression. The A and P compartments are indicated.