Expression of the 4/2,4-di-O-sulfated and IdoA-Gal-NAc4S DS domains defined by LKN1 (A-D) and GD3A12 (E-H), type I collagen (I-L), decorin (M-P) and TGF-β (Q-T) in renal sections obtained from patients with glomerular diseases.

<p>Representative photographs showing the immunofluorescence stainings of renal sections obtained from controls (A, E, I, M, Q), patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (B, F, J, N, R), membranous glomerulopathy (MGP) (C, G, K, O, S) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (D, H, L, P, T) with the anti-DS antibodies LKN1 (A-D) and GD3A12 (E-H), anti-collagen type I (Coll I) (I-L), decorin (M-P) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (Q-T). Tubular interstitial and glomerular expression of the 4/2,4-di-O-sulfated DS domain defined by LKN1 and of type I collagen was increased in FSGS (B, J), MGP (C, K) and SLE (D, L) compared to control human kidney (A, I). Expression of the IdoA-Gal-NAc4S DS domain, recognized by GD3A12, and decorin was similar in the interstitium and glomeruli of patients (F-H, N-P) and controls (E, M). Glomerular expression of TGF-β was increased in FSGS (R), MGP (S) and SLE (T) compared to control (Q). Magnification A-P 100x, magnification Q-T 200x.