Typical gasoline consists of varying concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and octane ratings. However, their impacts on particulate matter (PM) such as black carbon (BC) and water-soluble and insoluble particle compositions are not well-defined. This study tests seven 2012 model year vehicles, which include one port fuel injection (PFI) configured hybrid vehicle, one PFI vehicle, and six gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles. Each vehicle was driven on the Unified transient testing cycle (UC) using four different fuels. Three fuels had a constant octane rating of 87 with varied aromatic concentrations at 15%, 25%, and 35%. A fourth fuel with higher octane rating, 91, contained 35% aromatics. BC, PM mass, surface tension, and water-sol...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...
The influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline on the fuel distillation parameter, as well a...
We assessed the emissions response of a fleet of seven light-duty gasoline vehicles for gasoline fue...
Black carbon (BC) mass and solid particle number emissions were obtained from two pairs of gasoline ...
In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have incre...
In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have incre...
Light-duty vehicles emit gaseous and particle emissions that have the ability to effect climate, hum...
In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, ...
In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, ...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...
The influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline on the fuel distillation parameter, as well a...
We assessed the emissions response of a fleet of seven light-duty gasoline vehicles for gasoline fue...
Black carbon (BC) mass and solid particle number emissions were obtained from two pairs of gasoline ...
In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have incre...
In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have incre...
Light-duty vehicles emit gaseous and particle emissions that have the ability to effect climate, hum...
In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, ...
In recent years, particulate matter (PM) emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, ...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
Changes in engine technologies and after-treatment devices can profoundly alter the chemical composi...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations ...