Effects of population and herbivore removal on damage from herbivores and fitness components in three <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> populations in the year of the experimental treatment (2013).

<p>Flowering status (flowering vs. not flowering) was analysed with a generalized linear model (<i>χ2</i> given); the other response variables were analysed with ANOVA (<i>F</i>-ratios given). The effect of herbivore removal was analysed separately by population with contrasts when a significant population × treatment interaction was detected. Significant effects are in bold.