Clinical Severity Score, body temperatures, blood glucose, serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels.

<p>24 hours after LPS administration, the Clinical severity score was improved after CTCE-0214D plus LPS treatment as compared to mice which had received LPS only (A, 1.9±0.4 vs. 2.5±0, p≤0.001). In addition, endotoxic mice showed reduced body temperatures in comparison to the control (B, 36.2±0.2°C vs. 37.2±0.3°C, p = 0.09) and to the CTCE 0214D plus LPS group (37.1±0.3°C, vs. LPS p = 0.14). Moreover, a decrease of blood glucose levels (C) by about 50% when compared to the control group was seen (4.6±0.2 mmol/L vs. 10.1±0.9 mmol/L, p≤0.001). The CTCE-0214D plus LPS group showed a blood sugar level of 7.8±0.5 mmol/L, which is equivalent to an elevation by more than 65% when compared to endotoxin treatment only (p≤0.01). In addition, no significance was detectable in comparison to the control group. Serum TNF-α concentrations (D) were significantly reduced after co-administration of CTCE-0214D and LPS (27.7±1.4 ng/mL vs. 18.5±3.3 ng/mL, p≤0.01), while LPS caused an increase of more than 330% in comparison to the control group (6.6±0.5 ng/mL, p≤0.001). Similar results were achieved when determining serum IFN-γ levels (E). Compared to the control, the LPS challenge provoked an increase of approximately 160% (107.7±15.6 pg/mL vs. 41.1±3.0 pg/mL, p≤0.001), while CTCE0214D plus LPS co-administration did not result in significantly elevated serum INF-γ concentrations (60.5±13.8 pg/mL vs. 41.1±3.0 pg/mL, p = 0.58). Statistical significance (p≤0.05) was determined by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test. Data are given as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 7; *, p≤0.05; **, p≤0.01; ***, p≤0.001.