TGF-β induces Smads1, 5 and 8 in cultured C2C12 muscle cells.

<p>(A) C2C12 muscle cells were treated with TGF-β ligands for the time frames shown and then assessed for Smad1, 5, and 8 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. Data points were expressed as a fold-increase over vehicle treated cells and represent the mean ± SE of 6–8 independent samples. ** P < 0.005; *** < 0.0005; **** < 0.0001. (B) C2C12 cells were treated with TGF-β ligands for the time frames shown and assessed for p- and t-Smad 1, 5, 8 by Western blot. The experiment was repeated one time with similar results.