Validation of σ^E binding sites obtained with ChIP-seq.

<p>Raw264.7 cells were infected with WT bacteria for 8 h or 18 h, crosslinked, lysed, and sonicated for immunoprecipitation with anti-σ^E Ab (sample) or anti-GFP Ab (control). After protein and RNA were removed, DNA was extracted as template for qPCR to determine the fold enrichment of the genomic binding loci of σ^E in pulldowns with anti-σ^E Ab versus anti-GFP Ab. The promoter 3 region of <i>rpoE</i> was used as positive control, and the promoter region of <i>hns</i> was chosen as negative control. Shown are the fold changes displayed in a logarithmic scale. The mean and S.D. values were obtained from independent biological triplicates.