<i>R</i>. <i>conorii</i> (ISF), but not <i>R</i>. <i>massiliae</i>, induced cell death at 72 HPI in HMEC-1 cells: (A) Cells were infected at an MOI of 5 and stained with Live/Dead fixable dye for 30 minutes before fixation in paraformaldehyde.

<p>For flow cytometry experiments, ⩾10,000 cells were analyzed. (B) Annexin V staining of HMEC-1 cells following 72 hours of infection with <i>R</i>. <i>massiliae</i> or <i>R</i>. <i>conorii</i> (ISF). Cell counts were normalized to mode. (C) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay of monolayer supernatants demonstrating significantly increased levels of endothelial cell cytotoxicity after infection with <i>R</i>. <i>conorii</i> (ISF) for 72 hours. Bar graphs (A and C) indicate the average and standard error of three independent experiments. White bars represent uninfected cells, grey bars represent <i>R</i>. <i>massiliae</i>-infected cells, <i>R</i>. <i>conorii</i> (ISF)-infected cells are represented by black bars, and cells treated with staurosporine are represented by the checkered bar. *, <i>p</i> < 0.05.