Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Rübenanbaus in den Niederlanden

Als Reaktion auf die Reform der Europäischen Zuckermarktordnung initiierten die niederländische Zuckerindustrie und die Zuckerrüben-Forschung das Projekt SUSY (Speeding Up Sugar Yield). Ziel des Projektes war es, die Auswirkungen der Reform auf das Einkommen der Landwirte durch das Aufzeigen von Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung des Zuckerertrages und zur Ermittlung möglicher Kosteneinsparungen zu mildern. Aus jeder Region in den Niederlanden, in denen Zuckerrüben angebaut werden, wurden 26 Paare von type top -Landwirten mit hohem Ertrag und type average -Landwirten mit durchschnittlichem Ertrag aufgrund ihrer Erträge im Zeitraum 2000 2004 ausgewählt. In einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren wurde der Zuckerrübenanbau auf 75 Flächen von type top - und 74 Flächen von type average -Landwirten untersucht. Basierend auf den vom Landwirt erfassten Daten wurden Kostenvariablen kalkuliert und in Relation zu Ertrags- und Qualitätsvariablen analysiert.The Dutch sugar industry and sugar beet research institute initiated the project SUSY (Speeding Up Sugar Yield) as a reaction to decreasing beet prices in relation to the reform of the European Unions sugar regime. The project was aimed at softening the reform s impact on growers income by improving their knowledge on raising sugar yield and identifying possible cost savings. From each sugar beet growing region in The Netherlands, 26 pairs of type top (high yielding) and type average (average yielding) farmers were selected, based on the average yield of the farm in 2000-2004. All measures of sugar beet cultivation, costs calculation and phytopathological, agronomical and soil characteristics were investigated from 2006 and 2007 on 75 fields of type top and 74 fields of type average growers in relation to yield and quality. The factors year and grower caused most of the significant effects on yield, quality and cost variables. The type top growers had significantly 20% higher sugar yield in each year compared to type average growers, but the total variable costs did not differ. This makes the type top growers more efficient in resource use. Costs for manure and fertiliser, other and irrigation significantly increased the total variable costs. With higher fungicide costs, sugar yield significantly increased. However, there was no significant relation between the intensity of sugar beet production and sugar yield so that the observed differences in sugar yield were not caused by economical constraints. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the most profitable strategy for the growers is maximising sugar yield and optimising costs. Heterodera schachtii and Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were mainly found on clay soils. Type top growers on clay soil had significantly lower infestation levels of H. schachtii (4.4x lower, P = 0.008), BNYVV (2.7x lower, P = 0.016) and other foliar symptoms (Pseudomonas, Phoma betae and Verticillium spp. combined) (1.5x lower, P