Gene expression of enzymes of glucose/ fructose metabolism and triacylglycerol synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to a medium with varying concentrations of glucose, fructose or a combination of both.

<p>Solid lines represent the paths analyzed in this Fig and in Fig 4; blue triangles indicate the sites of production and utilization of NADH. The graphs indicate the number of copies of specific mRNAs for the genes (in black) corresponding to the enzymes and transporters (in green) acting on the corresponding paths (linked by red dotted lines). In each graph, the expressions in the presence of glucose are marked in blue, and those with fructose in red. The mixed-hexose groups are marked in purple. Each point corresponds to the mean ± sem of three different wells. Abbreviations: glc = glucose; frc = fructose; dha-P = dihydroxyacetone-P; glyc = glycerol; glyc-ald = glyceraldehyde; glyc-acid = glycerate; lact = lactate; pyr = pyruvate; TAG = triacylglycerols; acetCoA = acetyl-CoA; FA = fatty acids. The statistical significance of the differences between groups presented here correspond to Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139502#pone.0139502.g003" target="_blank">3</a> and 4. The effect of hexose was analyzed with two-way anova: glucose or fructose <i>vs</i>. concentration (in this case, for the sake of clarity, the mixed hexose groups were not included in the analysis). The differences between glc and frc groups were significant (p<0.0001) for all genes except <i>Hk2</i> (P = 0.0190), and <i>Aldoa</i> (0.0011) and not significant only for <i>Adh4</i>. The effect of "concentration" was analyzed using one-way anova analyses for glucose, fructose and their mixture. For glucose, all genes responses were significant (P values between 0.05 and 0.0001) except <i>Glut4</i>, <i>Ldha</i>, <i>Acc1</i>, <i>Pdk4</i>, <i>Aldh2</i>, <i>Lpl</i>, <i>Acp5</i> and <i>Aqp7</i> (NS). Changes of gene expression with fructose concentration were all statistically significant except for <i>Hk1</i>, <i>Pfkm</i>, <i>Acc1</i>, and <i>Gpam</i> (NS). In the case of glc+frc, all genes responded significantly to hexose concentration except <i>Glut4</i>, <i>Pfkm</i>, <i>Ldhb</i>, <i>Acc1</i>, <i>Fas</i>, <i>Gpam</i>, <i>Pdk4</i>, <i>Aldh1a1</i>, <i>Atgl</i>, <i>Hsl</i>, and <i>Acp2</i>