No evidence for selection of HIV-1 with enhanced gag- protease or nef function among breakthrough infections in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir microbicide trial

Use of antiretroviral-based microbicides for HIV-1 prophylaxis could introduce a transmission barrier that inadvertently facilitates the selection of fitter viral variants among incident infections. To investigate this, we assessed the in vitro function of gag-protease and nef sequences from participants who acquired HIV-1 during the CAPRISA 004 1% tenofovir microbicide gel trial.Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR)US Department of Health and Human Services grant U19-A151794NIAID International Research in Infectious Diseases grant R01-AI078936Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)South African Department of Science and Technology (DST)South African National Research Foundation (NRF).CONRAD [co-operative grant #GP00-08-00005-00, subproject PPA-09-046]