The training volume (min) was measured daily from the fifth week in the OT protocols.

<p>Once mice from OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR performed the entire training sessions in the fifth week, the figure presents the data from the sixth to the eighth week (A); Percentage alteration (%) of rotarod test between week 0 and week 8 for the experimental groups (B); Percentage alteration (%) of exhaustion velocity between week 4 and week 8 for the experimental groups (C). Ratio between peak blood lactate concentration ([Lac]_peak; mM) and exhaustion time (min) measured after the incremental load test at the end of week 8 for the experimental groups (D); Percentage alteration (%) of time to exhaustion between week 0 and week 8 for the experimental groups (E); Ratio between peak blood lactate concentration ([Lac]_peak; mM) and time to exhaustion (s) measured after the exhaustion test at the end of week 8 for the experimental groups (F); Percentage alteration (%) of grip force test between week 0 and week 8 for the experimental groups (G). Data correspond to means ± SE of n = 12 mice. CT: sedentary mice; OTR/down: overtrained by downhill running; OTR/up: overtrained by uphill running; OTR: overtrained by running without inclination. ^#P < 0.05 vs.week 8 –first session; ^$P < 0.05 vs.week 8 –second session; *P < 0.05 vs. CT; ††P < 0.05 vs. OTR.