Identification and Expression Profiles of Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis and Transport Related Genes in <i>Spodoptera litura</i>

<div><p>Although the general pathway of sex pheromone synthesis in moth species has been established, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The common cutworm <i>Spodoptera litura</i> is an important agricultural pest worldwide and causes huge economic losses annually. The female sex pheromone of <i>S</i>. <i>litura</i> comprises Z9,E11-14:OAc, Z9,E12-14:OAc, Z9-14:OAc, and E11-14:OAc. By sequencing and analyzing the transcriptomic data of the sex pheromone glands, we identified 94 candidate genes related to pheromone biosynthesis (55 genes) or chemoreception (39 genes). Gene expression patterns and phylogenetic analysis revealed that two desaturase genes (<i>SlitDes5</i> and <i>SlitDes11</i>) and one fatty acyl reductase gene (<i>SlitFAR3</i>) showed pheromone gland (PG) biased or specific expression, and clustered with genes known to be involved in pheromone synthesis in other moth species. Furthermore, 4 chemoreception related genes (<i>SlitOBP6</i>, <i>SlitOBP11</i>, <i>SlitCSP3</i>, and <i>SlitCSP14</i>) also showed higher expression in the PG, and could be additional candidate genes involved in sex pheromone transport. This study provides the first solid background information that should facilitate further elucidation of sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport, and indicates potential targets to disrupt sexual communication in <i>S</i>. <i>litura</i> for a novel pest management strategy.</p>