Altered executive control network resting-state connectivity in social anxiety disorder

<p><i>Objectives</i>: Research into the neural basis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggests alterations in prefrontal networks, which may in turn disrupt regulation of the limbic system. Better understanding of the disturbed interface between these networks may improve current pathogenic models of this disorder. <i>Methods</i>: Applying group independent component analysis (ICA) to recordings of fMRI resting-state, connectivity in the executive control network was studied in 18 patients with SAD and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. <i>Results</i>: Results revealed a dissociation within the left executive control network, with SAD patients showing decreased connectivity of the orbitofrontal gyrus and increased connectivity of the middle frontal gyrus compared to healthy controls. In a subsequent seed-based functional connectivity analysis, patients with SAD displayed increased connectivity between the left orbitofrontal gyrus and the left amygdala. <i>Conclusions</i>: Findings suggest that hypo-connectivity in the executive control network and hyper-connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala may reflect a disturbance in the balance between top-down and bottom-up control processes, potentially contributing to the development of SAD.