Increased MsrA in the mitochondria prevents insulin resistance even in the absence of cytosolic MsrA.

<p>(A) Insulin tolerance tests for HFD-fed MsrA KO (n = 6), TgMito MsrA (n = 4), and TgMito MsrA X KO (n = 7) mice. Circles represent mean blood glucose ± SEM. All values for each genotype are normalized to the fasting blood glucose level of that genotype prior to injection of insulin. (B) Area under curve (AUC) calculated for data in (A). Asterisks represent p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA (C) Representative blot of phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and GSK-3α (Ser21) in muscle (gastrocnemius) from HFD-fed mice. (D) Quantitation of phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3α in muscle (gastrocnemius), visceral white adipose tissue (epigonadal) and liver. Values are normalized relative to mean WT value. Asterisks represent p<0.05 between genotypes by Student’s t-test. For all, bars represent mean AUC ± SEM.