Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination Parameter, Item Difficulty Parameter, and ICC Recovery for the Empirical Histogram Method.

<p><i>Note</i>. Mean-centered aggregated values (i.e., bias in each condition) were used as data. Therefore, residual variance is reduced. Absolute effect sizes η² should be interpreted as the respective factor’s relative contributions to the total amount of bias. To avoid overfit, models only included main effects and two-way interactions.</p><p>Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination Parameter, Item Difficulty Parameter, and ICC Recovery for the Empirical Histogram Method.