Loss-of-<i>pll</i> induces dFoxO-dependent cell death.

<p>Fluorescence micrographs of third instar larval wing discs stained with AO (<b>A-F</b>) or anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3) antibody (<b>G-L</b>), anterior is to the left and dorsal up. Compared with controls (<b>A</b> and <b>G</b>), loss of <i>pll</i> resulted in increased cell death (<b>B</b>) and caspase activity (<b>H</b>), both of which were suppressed by knocking-down <i>dFoxO</i> (<b>D</b> and <b>J</b>), or deleting one or both copies of endogenous <i>dFoxO</i> (<b>E</b>, <b>F</b>, <b>K</b> and <b>L</b>). <i>GFP-IR</i> was used here as a negative control (<b>C</b> and <b>I</b>). (<b>M</b> and <b>N</b>) Quantifications of cell death by AO (<b>M</b>) and CC-3 antibody (<b>N</b>) staining as shown in figures <b>A-F</b> and <b>G-L</b> respectively. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison test was used to compute <i>P</i>-values, significance is indicated with asterisks (*** <i>P</i><0.001). ns stands for not significant. Detailed genotypes: (A and G) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i> (B and H) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i>; <i>UAS-pll-IR</i>^<i>V2889</i>/+ (C and I) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i>; <i>UAS-pll-IR</i>^<i>V2889</i>/+; <i>UAS-GFP-IR</i>/+ (D and J) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i>; <i>UAS-pll-IR</i>^<i>V2889</i>/+; <i>UAS-dFoxO-IR</i>/+ (E and K) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i>; <i>UAS-pll-IR</i>^<i>V2889</i>/+; <i>dFoxO</i>^Δ94/+ (F and L) <i>Omb-</i>Gal4/<i>+</i>; <i>UAS-pll-IR</i>^<i>V2889</i>/+; <i>dFoxO</i>^Δ94/Δ94.