Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) technique

<p>In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous machine.