Facile Synthesis of Conductive Polypyrrole Wrinkle Topographies on Polydimethylsiloxane via a Swelling–Deswelling Process and Their Potential Uses in Tissue Engineering

Electrically conducting biomaterials have gained great attention in various biomedical studies especially to influence cell and tissue responses. In addition, wrinkling can present a unique topography that can modulate cell–material interactions. In this study, we developed a simple method to create wrinkle topographies of conductive polypyrrole (wPPy) on soft polydimethylsiloxane surfaces via a swelling–deswelling process during and after PPy polymerization and by varying the thickness of the PPy top layers. As a result, various features of wPPy in the range of the nano- and microscales were successfully obtained. In vitro cell culture studies with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and PC12 neuronal cells indicated that the conductive wrinkle topographies promote cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Our studies help to elucidate the design of the surface coating and patterning of conducting polymers, which will enable us to simultaneously provide topographical and electrical signals to improve cell–surface interactions for potential tissue-engineering applications