Detrusor hypercontractility, instability, and incontinence in <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> males.

<p>(A-D Bladder contractility was measured in two regions of WT and <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> male bladders at three and 12 months of age, near the apex (A, B) and near the sphincter (C, D). Error bars represent SDs; n = 4 for three month-old males, n = 3 for 12 month-old males. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s <i>post hoc</i> tests: Apex tissue, three month-old males: Significant effect of genotype (F_1,42 = 23.28, <i>p</i><0.0001). Tissue near sphincter, three month-old males: Significant effect of genotype (F_1,42 = 6.557, <i>p</i> = 0.0141). Apex tissue, 12 month-old males: Significant effect of genotype (F_1,28 = 75.81, <i>p</i><0.0001). Tissue near sphincter, 12 month-old males: No significant effect of genotype. No significant interactions between genotype and carbachol concentration were detected except for apex samples from 12 month-old males (<i>p</i> = 0.0499). (E) Increased spontaneous bladder contractions (oscillations) in the absence of stimulation in bladder tissue rings from <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> males. Two WT traces are shown in yellow and blue, two <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> traces are shown in red and green. (F) Urine scent marking test: Number of urine spots produced in a clean cage by WT and <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice over a period of 15 minutes. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s <i>post hoc</i> analysis: There was a significant effect of genotype (F_1,12 = 6.635, <i>p</i> = 0.0243) with significantly more urine spots produced by <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> males compared to WT males (<i>p</i> = 0.0124), while <i>Mras</i>^<i>-/-</i> and WT females produced similar numbers of spots.