Cytokine production by stimulated HD helper T lymphocytes is not altered compared to controls.

<p>CD4⁺ helper T lymphocytes were isolated from HD and control peripheral blood using magnetic cell sorting and stimulated with 5 μg/ml anti-CD3 and 2 μg/ml anti-CD28 antibodies. Supernatants were collected after 48 h and cytokine profiling was carried out. No significant differences were seen in the levels of any of the cytokines produced by HD and control CD4⁺ T lymphocytes after normalisation to total protein levels. Data show mean concentrations ± SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out using two-tailed unpaired student’s t tests.