Sleep reduction in <i>Nf1</i> mutants.

<p>A) Averaged sleep profiles of control <i>iso31</i> (black) and <i>Nf1</i>^<i>P1/P2</i> (blue) mutant flies at 25°C. B) Average daily sleep for control <i>iso31</i>, <i>Nf1</i> mutants and <i>Nf1</i> flies with transgenic <i>Nf1</i> gene rescue at 25°C. Comparisons were done with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Turkey’s test. * indicates significant difference from iso31 control. Error bars are SEM. N = 5–16. Ns, not significant. ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. <i>Nf1</i> transgenic expression in wild type background was done in a separate experiment and their sleep quantities were compared with the respective controls. C) <i>Nf1</i> mutants exhibit nocturnal hyperactivity. Diurnal/nocturnal index was calculated as (total activity during the day) − (total activity during the night)/(total activity), averaged over a 3-d period per fly.